The Parable of the Sheep and Goats: The Final Judgment of Nations {Matthew 25:31-46}
The Final Judgment: We must guard against confusing the judgment of a nation's works with the judgment of individuals (sheep and goats). Judging nations is really judging the individuals within them. Jesus Christ was painting a picture of the final judgment of all men. The final judgment will include all nations of men; it shall be the judgment of the whole world.
It is important to see that Jesus was judging two types of beings, sheep, and goats.
The sheep (true believers) serve with Jesus Christ's heart of love because they are sheep. The ministry they rendered came from within. It was a natural ministry performed by sheep. It arose from a selfless, Jesus Christ-centered nature. Goats do not serve with Jesus’ heart of love because they are goats. The acts of kindness identified the sheep as sheep. The neglect of the goats identified them as goats.
The sheep acted like sheep, that is, they served because they were sheep. And the goats acted like goats because they were goats. This is the very point of the picture. When Jesus sets them at His hand, they are already sheep and goats. Judgment is passed upon the goats because they did not serve Jesus, and blessing is bestowed upon the sheep because they served Jesus Christ. Scripture says, "Show me thy faith without thy works, and I will show thee my faith with my works" (James 2:18).
The only faith that God knows and accepts is the faith that serves Jesus Christ by ministering to people. A man or woman who says they have faith and does not minister to people is only professing faith in Jesus Christ. The true believer is "God's workmanship" (creation), created in Christ Jesus unto [to do] good works" {Ephesians 2:10}. God knows no faith apart from good works, that is, apart from ministering to the needs of others.
- The Son of Man is coming to judge (verses 31-33).
- The judgment of sheep will occur (verses 34-40).
- The judgment of goats will occur (verses 41-45).
- The judgment is for eternity (verse 46).
Jesus Christ, Return: the Son of Man is coming to judge. 1) When Jesus comes, He is coming in glory. This means at least two things. Firstly, He is coming in His glorified body, that is, His transfigured body {Matthew 17:2}; in a body full of light and splendor; in a body shining as the sun in all the brilliance of God's glory.
Secondly, Jesus is not coming in the humiliation which He suffered as a man, but He is coming as the Son of Man and as the King of the universe.
2) When Jesus comes, He is coming with His holy angels. An innumerable number of glorious beings will accompany Him, demonstrating the glory and honor of His person as God. The holy angels will be the attendants and ministers of His justice.
3) When Jesus comes, He is coming to be enthroned. When He sits upon "the throne of His glory," He sits in judgment. He will become the One before whom every knee shall bow {Philippians 2:9-11}. He will become the Judge of the whole universe, the Judge who is exalted above all {Revelation 20:11}.
4) When Jesus comes, He is coming to gather all nations. All men will be gathered by the angels and brought before Him. The word nations stresses that every single country, place, nationality, race, creed, color, language—every living citizen will be gathered before Him in judgment.
5) When Jesus comes, He is coming to separate the nations.
a) Throughout history, there has been a mixture of sheep and goats, of good and evil. The tares and the wheat have grown together. The sinner and the godly have lived together:
- in the same world
- in the same nations
- in the same cities
- in the same employments
- in the same churches
- in the same families
When Christ comes, however, there is going to be a separation—a separation of the good from the bad, of the sheep from the goats {Matthew 13:49; Ezekiel 34:17}.
b) The sheep will be placed on His right hand and the goats on His left hand. The sheep represent genuine believers. They are:
- the ones who believe in God's "only begotten Son" (John 3:16).
- the ones who are truly "born again" {John 3:3, 7)}
- the "good and faithful" servants {Matthew 25:21, 23}.
- the "righteous" {Matthew 25:37}.
- the ones who are "patient" and "continue in well-doing" {Romans 2:7}.
- the ones who "seek for glory and honor and immortality" {Romans 2:7}.
- the ones who "work good" {Romans 2:10}.
Note that God sets the sheep at His right hand, the position of honor, glory, acceptance, and favor.
The goats represent all unbelievers, those who never professed Christ and those who professed Christ but were not genuine believers. They are:
- the "unprofitable servants" {Matthew 25:30}.
- the "wicked and slothful servants" {Matthew 25:26}.
- the "cursed" {Matthew 25:41}.
- the ones who "are contentious" {Romans 2:8}.
- the ones who "do not obey the truth" {Romans 2:8}.
- the ones who "obey unrighteousness" {Romans 2:8}.
- the ones who "do evil" {Romans 2:9}.
Thoughts to ponder:
1) Judgment is coming. It is inevitable; it cannot be avoided nor evaded. No person can escape the coming judgment of God. God is going to judge the world by His Son, the Lord Jesus Christ.
2) Very simply put, the day is coming when every citizen of every nation and tribe on earth will stand before Jesus Christ—stand either in His favor or in His disfavor.
3) The two claims to deity that Jesus Christ makes:
- He calls Himself "the Son of Man": He is the Ideal Man. As the Ideal Man, He is to judge the sons of men.
- He says that "the Son of Man shall sit upon the throne of His glory." He said this three days before He was killed.
4) Jesus Christ is now sitting on the throne at the right hand of God. There is a difference between the throne of grace and the throne of judgment pictured in this passage. We can now come to the throne of grace for help (Hebrews 4:16). But when Jesus Christ returns in glory, it will be too late to receive help. His throne will be a throne of judgment to which there will be no approach apart from judgment.